WASHINGTON--In a shocking report released last week, HHS’ Office of Inspector General revealed that more than 200 South Florida HME companies shut down for fraudulent claims were allowed back in the Medicare program after appealing their revocations.

In March of 2007, an OIG report detailed 1,581 unannounced site visits to suppliers in South Florida's Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, dubbed by some government officials as Ground Zero for Medicare fraud. The report showed 491 of those suppliers didn’t meet even the minimum standards: They either didn’t have a physical facility or were not open and staffed. CMS subsequently revoked their billing privileges. (See HomeCare Monday, April 2, 2007.)

But according to a new report from the OIG, which followed up on the companies that were shut down, nearly half appealed their revocations and received hearings--and hearing officers reinstated the billing privileges for almost all of those that appealed.

“After our prior study, hearing officers conducted hearings for 243 of the 491 revoked South Florida suppliers. Billing privileges were reinstated for 91 percent of these suppliers (222 of 243),” according to the OIG tally.

Three hearing officers conducted all of the hearings. One conducted 54 hearings and reinstated all 54 suppliers. Another reinstated 87 of 93 suppliers, and the third reinstated 81 of 96 suppliers.

Since then, however, two-thirds of these same suppliers--148 of the 222--have had their billing privileges revoked or inactivated again. In addition, some individuals connected to the reinstated suppliers have been indicted, the OIG discovered.

Between April and September 2007, the U.S. Attorney’s Office has indicted 18 individuals connected to 15 of the 222 reinstated suppliers. As of April 2008, 10 of the 18 defendants had been convicted and were each ordered to pay between $90,000 and $11 million in restitution. These defendants were also sentenced to jail terms ranging from one to four years.

The OIG blames the problem on criteria regarding the types of evidence necessary to reinstate supplier billing privileges: There aren't any, according to the report.

Although CMS has developed procedural guidelines for hearings, it has not provided hearing officers with criteria about the types of evidence revoked suppliers must submit to have their billing privileges reinstated. So, the hearing officers gave back billing privileges to the revoked companies based on evidence such as photographs, licenses and permits, employee affidavits, vendor invoices, utility bills and leases.

“According to CMS, hearing officers generally accept all documentation submitted by suppliers as legitimate, unless they have reason to believe otherwise,” Inspector General Daniel R. Levinson wrote in the report. He suggested that CMS strengthen its appeals process and that “a more critical review of the types of evidence submitted by suppliers is warranted to ensure that fraudulent suppliers are not reinstated.”

In a letter responding to the report, CMS Acting Administrator Kerry Weems pointed out that all suppliers will need to become accredited by Oct. 1, 2009, “which will allow CMS to ensure that only legitimate suppliers serve Medicare beneficiaries.” But he also agreed that CMS should consider establishing guidelines for the evaluation of evidence that a hearing officer will review.

For a PDF of the complete OIG report, click here.